What Is the Hyoid Bone?
The hyoid bone is a small horseshoe-shaped bone in the neck, supporting the tongue and muscles of the throat. When it fractures, it can indicate traumatic compression of the neck.
The Autopsy Finding
The New York City Medical Examiner’s office, led by Dr. Barbara Sampson, conducted Epstein’s autopsy. The autopsy found:
- Fractures in the hyoid bone
- Fractures in other small neck bones
- Injuries to the neck consistent with asphyxiation
Dr. Sampson ruled the cause of death as hanging and the manner as suicide.
Dr. Michael Baden’s Assessment
Epstein’s brother Mark hired Dr. Michael Badena prominent forensic pathologist who has worked hundreds of high-profile casesto attend the autopsy as an observer. Baden subsequently stated publicly:
- The pattern of injuries, particularly the broken hyoid and other neck bones, was more consistent with homicidal strangulation than suicide by hanging
- In his experience, the specific injury pattern was unusual for suicide hangs
- He could not conclusively rule out suicide but believed the injuries warranted more investigation
The Mainstream Forensic View
Most forensic experts who have commented publicly note:
- Hyoid fractures occur in approximately 25-50% of suicidal hangings, particularly in older adults
- The fracture is not by itself diagnostic of homicide
- Baden’s view is a legitimate forensic interpretation but not the consensus finding
The Unresolved Status
The FBI opened an investigation into Epstein’s death but no charges were filed against individuals for his death. The forensic controversy remains unresolved.